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	<title>Обсуждение:Уйгурский язык - История изменений</title>
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	<updated>2026-10-18T23:53:27Z</updated>
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		<title>Maqivi в 00:36, 8 марта 2023</title>
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		<updated>2023-03-08T00:36:22Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;ru&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Предыдущая версия&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Версия от 00:36, 8 марта 2023&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l122&quot;&gt;Строка 122:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Строка 122:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Table 1. Uyghur Arabic characters Table 1. Uyghur Arabic characters&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Table 1. Uyghur Arabic characters Table 1. Uyghur Arabic characters&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{s|&lt;/del&gt;All eight Uyghur vowels have their own grapheme, and all vowels are written. Diacritic signs are used to distinguish e, y, and&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;}} &lt;/del&gt;i (the latter always written undotted). Plain wāw stands for o, whereas w, ö, u, and ü are each marked with a different &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{s|&lt;/del&gt;diacritic. Hāʾ was split into two separate graphemes for h and ä. Initial vowels are preceded by a ‘hamza carrier’ in writing.&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;}} &lt;/del&gt;The number of consonant letters has been reduced because many distinctions that are relevant for Arabic are not pronounced in Uyghur (see below). This spelling system is also applied to Arabic loanwords.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;All eight Uyghur vowels have their own grapheme, and all vowels are written. Diacritic signs are used to distinguish e, y, and i (the latter always written undotted). Plain wāw stands for o, whereas w, ö, u, and ü are each marked with a different diacritic. Hāʾ was split into two separate graphemes for h and ä. Initial vowels are preceded by a ‘hamza carrier’ in writing. The number of consonant letters has been reduced because many distinctions that are relevant for Arabic are not pronounced in Uyghur (see below). This spelling system is also applied to Arabic loanwords.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;;3. Phonological adaptation of the vowels&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;;3. Phonological adaptation of the vowels&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l168&quot;&gt;Строка 168:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Строка 168:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Word-final consonant clusters not tolerated in Uyghur were broken up by epenthetic vowels, e.g. äqil (&amp;lt; ʿaql) ‘mind’, hösün (&amp;lt; ḥusn) ‘beauty’, isim (&amp;lt; ism) ‘name’, jinis (&amp;lt; jins) ‘gender’, qulup (&amp;lt; qufl) ‘lock’. The epenthetic vowel, which is always i/u/ü due to Uyghur phonological constraints, is dropped when such words receive suffixes beginning with a vowel, such as the possessive suffixes, e.g. äqli, hösni, ismi ‘his/her mind, beauty, name’. Sonorant + obstruent clusters are acceptable in Turkic and not necessarily simplified, e.g. xälq (&amp;lt; xalq) ‘people’, härp (&amp;lt; ḥarf) ‘letter [character]’.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Word-final consonant clusters not tolerated in Uyghur were broken up by epenthetic vowels, e.g. äqil (&amp;lt; ʿaql) ‘mind’, hösün (&amp;lt; ḥusn) ‘beauty’, isim (&amp;lt; ism) ‘name’, jinis (&amp;lt; jins) ‘gender’, qulup (&amp;lt; qufl) ‘lock’. The epenthetic vowel, which is always i/u/ü due to Uyghur phonological constraints, is dropped when such words receive suffixes beginning with a vowel, such as the possessive suffixes, e.g. äqli, hösni, ismi ‘his/her mind, beauty, name’. Sonorant + obstruent clusters are acceptable in Turkic and not necessarily simplified, e.g. xälq (&amp;lt; xalq) ‘people’, härp (&amp;lt; ḥarf) ‘letter [character]’.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Geminates are usually preserved between vowels, as in minnät (&amp;lt; minnat) ‘obligation’, ippät (&amp;lt; ʿiffat) ‘chastity’; in final &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{s|&lt;/del&gt;position, they are simplified, as in šäk (&amp;lt; šakk) ‘doubt’, sir (&amp;lt; sirr) ‘secret’, zit (&amp;lt; ḍidd) ‘opposite’, but, like consonant clusters,&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;}} &lt;/del&gt;they may reappear when suffixes are added, e.g. häq (&amp;lt; ḥaqq) ‘right’ ⇒ häqq-i ‘his right’, räb (&amp;lt; rabb) ‘lord’ ⇒ ya räbb-im ‘o my Lord’.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Geminates are usually preserved between vowels, as in minnät (&amp;lt; minnat) ‘obligation’, ippät (&amp;lt; ʿiffat) ‘chastity’; in final position, they are simplified, as in šäk (&amp;lt; šakk) ‘doubt’, sir (&amp;lt; sirr) ‘secret’, zit (&amp;lt; ḍidd) ‘opposite’, but, like consonant clusters, they may reappear when suffixes are added, e.g. häq (&amp;lt; ḥaqq) ‘right’ ⇒ häqq-i ‘his right’, räb (&amp;lt; rabb) ‘lord’ ⇒ ya räbb-im ‘o my Lord’.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In some words, Uyghur features unexpected geminates not found in Arabic, as in qimmät (&amp;lt; qīmat) ‘expensive’, zinnät (&amp;lt; zīnat) ‘ornament’, addiy (&amp;lt; ʿādī) ‘ordinary’.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In some words, Uyghur features unexpected geminates not found in Arabic, as in qimmät (&amp;lt; qīmat) ‘expensive’, zinnät (&amp;lt; zīnat) ‘ornament’, addiy (&amp;lt; ʿādī) ‘ordinary’.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l197&quot;&gt;Строка 197:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Строка 197:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Even Arabic endings that occur frequently in Uyghur, such as -i ~ -iy ~ -(i)wi in omumi ‘general’, ġärbiy ‘western’, dunyawi ‘worldly’, and the adverbial ending -än in mäsilän ‘for example’, häqiqätän ‘indeed’, etc., cannot be attached to native words.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Even Arabic endings that occur frequently in Uyghur, such as -i ~ -iy ~ -(i)wi in omumi ‘general’, ġärbiy ‘western’, dunyawi ‘worldly’, and the adverbial ending -än in mäsilän ‘for example’, häqiqätän ‘indeed’, etc., cannot be attached to native words.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Many formulas and phrases were adopted as a whole, e.g. ästağpurulla (&amp;lt; ʾastaġfiru llāh) ‘I ask God for forgiveness’, hašqalla (&amp;lt; ʿišq allāh) ‘thank you’, wahakaza (&amp;lt; wa-hākaḏā) ‘et cetera’. Most compounds are just felt to be single lexemes, e.g. elipbä (&amp;lt; ʾalīf bāʾ) ‘alphabet’, äksilhärkät (&amp;lt; ʿaks + ḥarakat) ‘countermovement’, hayat-mamat küriši (&amp;lt; ḥayāt + mamāt) ‘life-and-death struggle’, häbbulmülük (&amp;lt; ḥabb al-mulk) [plant name], bäynälmiläl (&amp;lt; bayn al-milal) ‘international’, bäytulla (&amp;lt; bayt allāh) ‘house of God [i.e. place of worship]’, darilpunun (&amp;lt; dār al-funūn) ‘academy’. Many &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{s|&lt;/del&gt;instances are in fact Persian coinages based on Arabic stems: äpuomumi (&amp;lt; Persian afv-e umumī &amp;lt; Arabic ʿafw ‘pardon’ +&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;}} &lt;/del&gt;ʿumūmī ‘general’) ‘amnesty, general pardon’, nuqtiinäzär (&amp;lt; Persian nuqṭa-ye naẓar &amp;lt; Arabic nuqṭa ‘point’ + naḏ̣ar ‘view’) ‘point of view’, etc.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Many formulas and phrases were adopted as a whole, e.g. ästağpurulla (&amp;lt; ʾastaġfiru llāh) ‘I ask God for forgiveness’, hašqalla (&amp;lt; ʿišq allāh) ‘thank you’, wahakaza (&amp;lt; wa-hākaḏā) ‘et cetera’. Most compounds are just felt to be single lexemes, e.g. elipbä (&amp;lt; ʾalīf bāʾ) ‘alphabet’, äksilhärkät (&amp;lt; ʿaks + ḥarakat) ‘countermovement’, hayat-mamat küriši (&amp;lt; ḥayāt + mamāt) ‘life-and-death struggle’, häbbulmülük (&amp;lt; ḥabb al-mulk) [plant name], bäynälmiläl (&amp;lt; bayn al-milal) ‘international’, bäytulla (&amp;lt; bayt allāh) ‘house of God [i.e. place of worship]’, darilpunun (&amp;lt; dār al-funūn) ‘academy’. Many instances are in fact Persian coinages based on Arabic stems: äpuomumi (&amp;lt; Persian afv-e umumī &amp;lt; Arabic ʿafw ‘pardon’ + ʿumūmī ‘general’) ‘amnesty, general pardon’, nuqtiinäzär (&amp;lt; Persian nuqṭa-ye naẓar &amp;lt; Arabic nuqṭa ‘point’ + naḏ̣ar ‘view’) ‘point of view’, etc.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;A popular feature of the Uyghur lexicon are doublets of (nearly) synonymous words, especially rhyming ones, or derivates from the same root, e.g. örp-adät (&amp;lt; ʿurf + ʿādat) ‘customs and traditions’, zoq-šoq (&amp;lt; ḏawq + šawq) ‘enjoyment’, ġälwä-ġoġa (&amp;lt; ġalaba + ġawġa) ‘tumult’, ġerip-ġurwät (&amp;lt; ġarīb + ġurbat) ‘alone and deserted’, many of which are Persian creations. Arabic/Uyghur hybrids include ilim-bilim (&amp;lt; ʿilm) ‘knowledge’, soal-soraq (&amp;lt; sūʾāl) ‘questions’, his-tuyġu (ḥiss) ‘feeling’, and uruq-äwlat (&amp;lt; ʾawlād) ‘offspring’.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;A popular feature of the Uyghur lexicon are doublets of (nearly) synonymous words, especially rhyming ones, or derivates from the same root, e.g. örp-adät (&amp;lt; ʿurf + ʿādat) ‘customs and traditions’, zoq-šoq (&amp;lt; ḏawq + šawq) ‘enjoyment’, ġälwä-ġoġa (&amp;lt; ġalaba + ġawġa) ‘tumult’, ġerip-ġurwät (&amp;lt; ġarīb + ġurbat) ‘alone and deserted’, many of which are Persian creations. Arabic/Uyghur hybrids include ilim-bilim (&amp;lt; ʿilm) ‘knowledge’, soal-soraq (&amp;lt; sūʾāl) ‘questions’, his-tuyġu (ḥiss) ‘feeling’, and uruq-äwlat (&amp;lt; ʾawlād) ‘offspring’.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l208&quot;&gt;Строка 208:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Строка 208:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Uyghur conjunctions are usually of Arabic origin: päqät (&amp;lt; faqaṭ ‘only’), ämma (&amp;lt; ʾammā), lekin (&amp;lt; lākin), all meaning ‘but, however’; wä (&amp;lt; wa) ‘and’; and many modal adverbs: hätta (&amp;lt; ḥattā) ‘even’, ġayät (&amp;lt; ġāyat ‘utmost limit, goal’) ‘very’. Interestingly, some Arabic words have become postpositions in Uyghur, e.g. häqqidä (derived from ḥaqq ‘right [noun]’) ‘about’, täripidin (from ṭaraf ‘edge, side’) ‘by [with passive verbs]’.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Uyghur conjunctions are usually of Arabic origin: päqät (&amp;lt; faqaṭ ‘only’), ämma (&amp;lt; ʾammā), lekin (&amp;lt; lākin), all meaning ‘but, however’; wä (&amp;lt; wa) ‘and’; and many modal adverbs: hätta (&amp;lt; ḥattā) ‘even’, ġayät (&amp;lt; ġāyat ‘utmost limit, goal’) ‘very’. Interestingly, some Arabic words have become postpositions in Uyghur, e.g. häqqidä (derived from ḥaqq ‘right [noun]’) ‘about’, täripidin (from ṭaraf ‘edge, side’) ‘by [with passive verbs]’.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;A number of ultimately non-Arabic loanwords, mostly Wanderworte from Greek, have been borrowed in their Arabicized &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{s|&lt;/del&gt;shape, such as bälġäm (&amp;lt; balġam) ‘phlegm’, qanun (&amp;lt; qānūn) ‘law’, iqlim (&amp;lt; ʾiqlīm) ‘climate’, toz (&amp;lt; ṭāwūs) ‘peacock’, panus&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;}} &lt;/del&gt;(&amp;lt; fānūs) ‘lantern’.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;A number of ultimately non-Arabic loanwords, mostly Wanderworte from Greek, have been borrowed in their Arabicized shape, such as bälġäm (&amp;lt; balġam) ‘phlegm’, qanun (&amp;lt; qānūn) ‘law’, iqlim (&amp;lt; ʾiqlīm) ‘climate’, toz (&amp;lt; ṭāwūs) ‘peacock’, panus (&amp;lt; fānūs) ‘lantern’.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;As expected, the meanings of the borrowed lexemes may be different from or narrower than the Arabic source words; for instance, Uyghur ali (&amp;lt; ʿālī) means only ‘high’ in an abstract sense, ayal means ‘wife’ (&amp;lt; ʿiyāl ‘family members’), xät means ‘letter [epistle]’ (&amp;lt; xaṭṭ ‘line, etc.’), mäqät means ‘anus’ (&amp;lt; maqʿad ‘sitting’), iplas means ‘dirty’ (&amp;lt; ʾiflās ‘bankrupt’), and usul means ‘dance’ (&amp;lt; ʾuṣūl ‘principles, basic rules’).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;As expected, the meanings of the borrowed lexemes may be different from or narrower than the Arabic source words; for instance, Uyghur ali (&amp;lt; ʿālī) means only ‘high’ in an abstract sense, ayal means ‘wife’ (&amp;lt; ʿiyāl ‘family members’), xät means ‘letter [epistle]’ (&amp;lt; xaṭṭ ‘line, etc.’), mäqät means ‘anus’ (&amp;lt; maqʿad ‘sitting’), iplas means ‘dirty’ (&amp;lt; ʾiflās ‘bankrupt’), and usul means ‘dance’ (&amp;lt; ʾuṣūl ‘principles, basic rules’).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l229&quot;&gt;Строка 229:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Строка 229:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;;Cite this page&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;;Cite this page&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Hans Nugteren, «Uyghur», in: Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics, Managing Editors Online Edition: Lutz Edzard, Rudolf de Jong. Consulted online on 06 January 2017 &amp;lt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1570-6699_eall_EALL_COM_0361&amp;gt;{{refbegin2}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Hans Nugteren, «Uyghur», in: Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics, Managing Editors Online Edition: Lutz Edzard, Rudolf de Jong. Consulted online on 06 January 2017 &amp;lt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1570-6699_eall_EALL_COM_0361&amp;gt;{{refbegin2}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;== История ==&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Оа­зи­сы Восточного Тур­ке­ста­на в 1-й половине 1-го тысячелетия на­се­ля­ли то­ха­ры, со­гдий­цы, са­ки и другие на­ро­ды, го­во­рив­шие на ин­до­ев­ро­пей­ских язы­ках, а так­же ки­тай­цы и ти­бет­цы&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Дмитриев&quot; /&amp;gt;. Предки уйгуров частично входили в гуннский племенной союз (III века до &amp;amp;shy;н. э. — III—IV века н. э.). С 605 года, воз­гла­вив со­юз то­гуз-огу­зов, уйгуры вы­де­ли­лись из других тю­рк­ских пле­мён. осле гибели Тюркского каганата (сер. VIII в.), жившие в долинах рек Селенга, Орхон и Тола уйгуры соз­дали са­мо­сто­ятельное го­су­дар­ст­во, Уй­гур­ский ка­га­на­т, став­ший основной во­енно-по­ли­тической си­лой в Центральной Азии{{sfn|Д.И. Тихонов|1971|p=}}.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;В 763 году уйгуры при­ня­ли ма­ни­хей­ст­во; уй­гур­ское пись­мо, ос­но­ван­ное на со­гдий­ском ал­фа­ви­те, ста­ло вы­тес­нять древ­не­тюрк­ское ру­ни­че­ское пись­мо. Пос­ле раз­гро­ма ка­га­на­та в 840 году ени­сей­ски­ми кыр­гы­за­ми уйгуры по­ки­ну­ли свои род­ные зем­ли в сте­пях со­вре­мен­ной Мон­го­лии; часть их миг­ри­ро­ва­ла на юго-за­пад и об­ра­зо­ва­ла Гань­ч­жо­ус­кое (847—1036 гг.) и Тур­фан­ское (847—1369 гг.) уй­гур­ские кня­же­ст­ва; по­том­ка­ми бе­жав­ших из Мон­го­лии уйгуров яв­ля­ют­ся так­же современный юй­гу Гань­су{{Ссылка|url= https://old.bigenc.ru/ethnology/text/4217288 |title=Уйгуры|site=BigEnc.ru|info=Большая российская энциклопедия. Электронная версия (2017)|date=26.02.2019|archive=|archive date=|author=С.В. Дмитриев|name=Дмитриев|lang=ru}}. В XI веке Гань­ч­жо­ус­кое кня­же­ст­во было уничтожено тангутами. Тур­фан­ское кня­же­ст­во в XII веке стало вассалом каракитаев, в 1209 году приз­на­ли се­бя вас­са­ла­ми Чин­гис­ха­на, в 1270—1275 годах вошло в состав Джагатайского (Чагатайского) улуса, а затем — в Моголистан.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Сре­ди уйгуров, помимо манихейства, были рас­про­стра­нены буддизм (IX—X вв.) и христианство (несторианство); в XIV—XVII веках распространился ислам, арабский ал­фа­вит вы­тес­нил уй­гур­ское пись­мо&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Дмитриев&quot; /&amp;gt;.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;В XVII—XVIII веках в Восточном Туркестане существовало государство уйгуров, управлявшееся ходжами{{sfn|Д.И. Тихонов|1971|p=}}. В конце 50-х годов XVIII века было захвачено маньчжурскими правителями Китая. В XVIII веке бы­ли по­се­ле­ны в Илий­ском крае, об­ра­зо­вав груп­пу куль­джин­цев, или илий­ских уйгур (гул­жи­лик­лар, или­ли­клар)&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Дмитриев&quot; /&amp;gt;. Национальное угнетение, насильственная ассимиляция, жестокая эксплуатация вызывали многочисленные восстания уйгуров{{sfn|Д.И. Тихонов|1971|p=}}. В 1862—1877 годах уйгуры при­ни­ма­ли уча­стие в Уй­гу­ро-дун­ган­ском вос­ста­нии, в хо­де и по­сле по­дав­ле­ния ко­то­ро­го часть их пе­ре­се­ли­лась в Се­ми­ре­чье и Фер­га­ну&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Дмитриев&quot; /&amp;gt;.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Кри­зис им­перии Цин и Синь­хай­ская ре­во­лю­ция выз­ва­ли рост национально-осво­бо­дительного дви­же­ния в Синь­цзя­не. В 1921 году на съез­де в Таш­кен­те бы­ло при­ня­то об­щее название «уй­гу­ры». В ходе освободительной борьбы на территории трёх северных округов Синьцзяна образовалась Восточно-Туркестанская республика (1944—1949 гг.). Вто­рая вол­на пе­ре­се­ле­ния уйгур на за­пад при­шлась на 1950-е годы и бы­ла свя­за­на с вхож­де­ни­ем Восточно-Тур­ке­стан­ской республики в сос­тав КНР; шовинистический курс дискриминации в отношении уйгуров, ас­си­ми­ляционная по­ли­ти­ка КНР вы­зы­ва­ет эми­гра­цию уйгур по­ны­не&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Дмитриев&quot; /&amp;gt;.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Отсутствие юридических гарантий по отношению к мусульманской общине Китая, в которую помимо уйгуров входят хуэй, казахи и представители других национальных меньшинств, неоднократно приводило к массовым нарушениям её прав. После прихода к власти в Китае коммунистов (1949 г.), по отношению к мусульманам начались жестокие репрессии, неоднократно китайские военные про­во­ди­ли аресты и расстрелы мусульманских активистов, духовных лидеров и интеллигенции. Исламские школы и мечети были за­кры­ты, а некоторые даже уничтожены. Все то, что не соответствовало маоистской доктрине, включая веру и обычаи, презиралось и под­вер­га­лось на­пад­кам. Районы компактного проживания мусульман не развивались в экономическом плане{{Ссылка|url=https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/konstitutsionno-pravovoe-polozhenie-musulman-v-knr|title=Конституционно-правовое положение мусульман в КНР|site=CyberLeninka.ru |info=КиберЛенинка |date=27.02.2019|archive=|archive date=|author=|name=КиберЛенинка|lang=ru}}.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;После того как в 1978 году Китай начал проводить политику открытости, руководством страны начали разрабатываться и приниматься различные нормативно-правовые акты, гарантирующие основные права человека, в том числе и право на свободу совести. Тем не ме­нее, в свете борьбы с терроризмом и сепаратизмом в Синьцзян-Уйгурском автономном районе руководство КНР периодически при­бе­га­ет к ущемлению прав мусульманской общины. Так, в 90-х гг. ХХ века правительство КНР предприняло жёсткие меры для того, что­бы поставить религиозную жизнь в Синьцзяне под контроль. Данные меры не только касались тех, кто активно противостоял го­су­дар­ству, но и применялись к тем, кто отстаивал культурные и религиозные особенности региона. Мусульманское духовенство и уче­ни­ков медресе арестовывали за участие в «незаконной религиозной деятельности», «незаконные религиозные центры» за­кры­ва­лись, а с има&amp;amp;shy;ма&amp;amp;shy;ми проводилась воспитательная работа. Был введен запрет на духовную деятельность и религиозное обучение для тех, кто не до&amp;amp;shy;стиг 18 лет&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;КиберЛенинка&quot; /&amp;gt;.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;В 2017 году власти Китая приказали жителям СУАР сдать все имеющиеся у них предметы, связанные с исламом, в том числе мо­лит­вен­ные коврики и экземпляры Корана{{Ссылка|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/china-muslims-hand-over-qurans-uyghur-xinjiang-confiscate-islam-a7973191.html|title=Muslims in China say they are being told to hand over Qurans or face &#039;harsh punishments&#039;|site=Independent.co.uk|info=Independent |date=27.02.2019 |archive=|archive date=|author=J. Sharman|name=|lang=ru}}.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Школьное образование в Китае предполагается светским, что, естественно, не предоставляет возможность молодым мусульманам изучать в школе Коран и иные священные тексты ислама. Синьцзянское исламское общество открыло духовное училище. Под эгидой созданного в 1953 году Китайского исламского общества существует 9 исламских институтов&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;КиберЛенинка&quot; /&amp;gt;.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;В Ка­зах­ста­не уй­гур­ский язык пре­по­да­ёт­ся в шко­лах, вы­хо­дит газета «Уй­гур ай­ва­зи», функ­цио­ни­ру­ет Рес­пуб­ли­кан­ский куль­тур­ный центр уйгур Ка­зах­ста­на. В ди­ас­по­ре в 1992 году воз­ник Национальный кон­гресс Восточного Тур­ке­ста­на (с 2004 Все­мир­ный уй­гур­ский кон­гресс), бо­рю­щий­ся за пра­ва уй­гур&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Дмитриев&quot; /&amp;gt;.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Maqivi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://ar.wiki-staging.holyquran.wiki/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5:%D0%A3%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA&amp;diff=56825&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Maqivi: Новая страница: «== Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics == {| |Уйгурский (2826 слов)  ; 1. Арабско-уйгурские отношения Уйгур…»</title>
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		<updated>2019-02-26T22:43:26Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Новая страница: «== Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics == {| |Уйгурский (2826 слов)  ; 1. Арабско-уйгурские отношения Уйгур…»&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://ar.wiki-staging.holyquran.wiki/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5:%D0%A3%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA&amp;amp;diff=56825&quot;&gt;Внесённые изменения&lt;/a&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Maqivi</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>